Vaginal boils: Causes, symptoms & how to treat

What is a vaginal boil?

A vaginal boil is a hard, pus-filled lump found in the vaginal area. Boils, also known as furuncles, are caused by a bacterial infection and can appear anywhere on the skin [1]. Although they are similar to pimples, boils are deeper in the skin and usually more painful. 

Though we tend to refer to the overall genital area as the vagina, there are distinct internal and external parts. The inner canal is the vagina, and the outer area, including the labia folds, is the vulva [2]. The vulva is where you are most likely to find a vaginal boil. Usually, a boil in the vulvar region is nothing to worry about and will clear up in a few weeks (more on this below). But if you notice a boil or other lump inside the vagina, you should speak to your doctor, as this is less common and should be investigated.

Symptoms of a vaginal boil

There are several causes of bumps on the vulva and vaginal area, but you can identify a vaginal boil by looking for a spot that [1]:

• Looks red, swollen, and inflamed
• Is painful and warm to the touch
• Has a yellow or white pus-filled center

What causes a vaginal boil?

A vaginal boil is caused by a bacterial infection, often occurring in a hair follicle and the surrounding tissue, known as folliculitis [3]. It is usually caused by the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (a staph infection) [1]. Many people have this bacterium on their skin with no issues. But there are certain circumstances that can make you more susceptible to vaginal boils: 

• Hair removal: Shaving, waxing, and plucking hair commonly result in ingrown hairs, which can become infected and form boils [4, 5].

• Weakened immune system: If you have a condition that compromises your immune system, such as diabetes or HIV, you may be more susceptible to boils as your body struggles to fight the bacterial infection [1].

• Itchy skin: Some skin conditions, such as eczema, can increase your risk of developing a boil, as damaged skin has a reduced ability to protect against infection [6]. In particular, Lichen sclerosus is a condition that usually affects the genital region, causing itchy, white patches that can bleed [7]. 

• Sweat: The buildup of sweat, whether due to hormonal shifts, poor hygiene, lack of breathable clothing, exercise, or a hot environment, increases the likelihood of boils developing [8].

• Skin-to-skin contact: If you have skin contact with someone who has a boil, such as through sex or by sharing clothing or towels, the bacteria can pass to you and cause a boil on your own skin [1].

Other causes of vaginal lumps

While boils are common and usually harmless, there are other lumps similar to vaginal boils that have a different cause, such as:

• Bartholin’s cyst: Your Bartholin glands are located at the opening of your vagina, and release a fluid that assists with lubrication during sex [4]. A Bartholin’s cyst is a small, painless lump that forms when the Bartholin's glands become blocked. Bartholin’s cysts usually do not need medical treatment, unless they cause discomfort when sitting down, walking, or having sex, or if they become infected [9].  

• Genital herpes: Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the herpes simplex virus. The main symptom is a cluster of small blisters appearing on the genitals, anus, thighs, or bottom that burst and become red, open sores. You may also notice tingling, burning, or itching in your genital area, unusual discharge, and pain when you pee as urine passes over the sores [10].

• Genital warts: Another STI, genital warts usually present as small, rough lumps that appear on their own or as a group. They often do not cause symptoms, but sometimes can be itchy or painful. Some strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), yet another STI, can cause genital warts [11, 12].

• Syphilis: Syphilis is a bacterial STI that causes sores around the genital and anal region. These are generally painless and can appear individually or in groups. You may also notice sores in other areas, such as your mouth, or wart-like growths that are white or gray [13].

• Moles: Yes, you can get moles on your vulva! Moles are small, coloured spots that can be flat or raised. They are often harmless, but chat to your doctor if you notice any change in size, shape, or colour [14].

It is always worth speaking to your doctor if you have a new lump and are unsure if it is a vaginal boil or something else, especially if you have recently had unprotected sex.

How are vaginal boils treated?

Vaginal boil treatment usually involves at-home hygiene measures to prevent infection spread and ease discomfort, such as [15]: 

• Keeping the area clean: Use a clean cloth soaked in warm water to keep the boil clean. The warmth helps to release the pus safely and reduce pain [15]. Wash your hands immediately before and after touching the boil or area around it, to prevent the spread of infection. Change your towel every day and wash your bed sheets at least once a week [1].  

• Not squeezing the boil: Though it can be tempting to release pressure by “popping” the boil, this can cause bacteria to spread to surrounding skin [16], and the open wound can increase your risk of additional infection. 

• Taking painkillers: If your boil is particularly painful, you can take over-the-counter painkillers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen (paracetamol). 

• Wearing loose-fitting clothing: Loose, breathable clothing helps prevent any rubbing, which can cause pain and irritation. 

How can I prevent getting another vaginal boil?

Though it is not always preventable, practicing good hygiene can help you avoid another vaginal boil. Regularly clean your vulva using warm water. If you prefer soap, choose an unscented, gentle, pH-sensitive option. But there is no need to clean the inside of your vagina as it is self-cleaning! Douching or cleaning the inside of your vagina can upset your natural pH balance and lead to infection [17]. 

In addition to regular washing, change your underwear each day and after exercise. If you choose to remove your pubic hair, regularly change your razor, and always shave in the same direction the hairs are growing. You could also consider other hair removal techniques, such as creams or permanent laser removal [5].

If you have a vaginal boil, you can reduce the risk of secondary boils by avoiding squeezing or popping it. You should also avoid sex or sharing personal items, such as towels, to prevent bacteria from spreading to others [1].

When to see a doctor

Vaginal boils usually clear up on their own within two weeks [16], but any new lump or bump is worth speaking to a doctor about, especially if: 

• Your symptoms do not improve with home remedies
• You keep getting recurrent boils 
• You have a group of boils (carbuncle) 
• You suspect your vaginal boil is a symptom of an STI
• You feel hot, cold, or shivery
• You have a weakened immune system
• You are pregnant

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